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Which of the following is designed to slowly dissolve in the mouth?
Detailed Rationale
Troches (lozenges) are intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth for local or systemic absorption.
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Which of the following medications is used to treat anxiety?
Detailed Rationale
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine indicated for anxiety disorders and panic disorder.
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The generic name of a medication ends in '-olol.' For which of the following conditions is the medication used?
Detailed Rationale
Drugs ending in '-olol' are beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol) used primarily for hypertension and heart conditions.
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A provider prescribes amoxicillin PO, but the patient receives the medication via IV. The pharmacy technician should identify this as which of the following medication errors?
Detailed Rationale
Administering a medication by a different route than prescribed (oral vs. intravenous) is classified as a wrong route error.
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Which of the following must be the same for a brand name medication and its generic equivalent?
Detailed Rationale
Generic equivalents must have the same active ingredient, strength, dosage form, and route of administration as the brand-name drug.
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Which of the following is true regarding the facsimile transmission of a prescription for a Schedule V medication?
Detailed Rationale
Faxed prescriptions act as the original and may be filled, but for controlled substances, the fax must come from an authorized prescriber's location.
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The rule 'minimum necessary' as used in the federal privacy act (HIPAA) refers to which of the following?
Detailed Rationale
HIPAA's Minimum Necessary Standard requires that only the least amount of PHI needed to accomplish the intended purpose be used or disclosed.
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Hydromorphone is listed in which of the following schedule classifications?
Detailed Rationale
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is a potent opioid analgesic classified as Schedule II due to its high potential for abuse and dependence.
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Which of the following is the purpose of barcoding technology?
Detailed Rationale
Barcoding (BCMA - barcode medication administration) helps ensure the 'five rights' by scanning the patient's wristband and the medication barcode to confirm the right patient receives the right drug.
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A pharmacy technician is required to include which of the following information when making an entry into the repackaging log?
Detailed Rationale
Repackaging logs must document the manufacturer, lot number, expiration date, and quantity to ensure traceability.
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Which of the following situations describes a patient medication adherence issue?
Detailed Rationale
Inconsistent or late refills of chronic medications indicate poor adherence to therapy.
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While processing a prescription for warfarin (Coumadin), an interaction alert appears on the computer that requires intervention by the pharmacist. The pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following is most likely the cause of the alert?
Detailed Rationale
Vitamin K (phytonadione) antagonizes the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and can cause significant interaction.
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When using a point-of-sale inventory system, which of the following steps should a pharmacy technician take if the demand for a medication goes up?
Detailed Rationale
Higher demand requires adjusting the minimum and reorder points upward to prevent stockouts.
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A pharmacy technician should obtain complete and current patient medication profiles to reduce which of the following occurrences?
Detailed Rationale
Accurate medication profiles allow identification of duplicate therapy, drug interactions, and overutilization, reducing risk of harm.
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The Drug Listing Act of 1972 requires that the labels on drug manufacturers' packages include which of the following information?
Detailed Rationale
The Drug Listing Act mandated that every marketed drug be assigned a unique National Drug Code (NDC) number for identification.
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Which of the following should be used to match a medication to the correct prescription during the filling process?
Detailed Rationale
The NDC number uniquely identifies the manufacturer, drug, strength, and package size and is used to confirm the correct stock bottle was selected.
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Which of the following describes the purpose of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program?
Detailed Rationale
REMS programs are required for drugs with serious safety concerns to ensure that the benefits outweigh the risks through specific safety measures.
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A pharmacy technician should use a filter needle in which of the following situations?
Detailed Rationale
Filter needles or filter straws are required when withdrawing medication from glass ampules to remove potential glass particles.
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A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following medications is regulated by Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) guidelines?
Detailed Rationale
Isotretinoin has a strict iPLEDGE REMS program due to teratogenic risks, requiring registration, pregnancy testing, and contraception.
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A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following processes can reduce cross-contamination of medications?
Detailed Rationale
Cleaning counting trays with alcohol between each prescription is the most effective way to prevent cross-contamination of solid oral medications.
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A solution is 3% (w/v). What is the amount of active medication in 75 mL of the solution?
Detailed Rationale
3% w/v = 3 g/100 mL. In 75 mL: (3 g / 100 mL) x 75 mL = 2.25 g.
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Which of the following is an advantage of using an automated dispensing machine in an institutional setting?
Detailed Rationale
Automated dispensing cabinets improve patient safety by reducing medication errors through profile checking, proper storage, and access control.
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Which of the following assists individuals with low income?
Detailed Rationale
Medicaid is the joint federal-state program that provides health coverage to low-income individuals and families.
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What is the infusion rate for a 50 mg/mL solution to provide 0.9 g/hr?
Detailed Rationale
0.9 g/hr = 900 mg/hr. Rate = 900 mg/hr / 50 mg/mL = 18 mL/hr. Convert to minutes: 18 mL/hr / 60 = 0.3 mL/min.
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Which of the following describes the metabolism of a drug?
Detailed Rationale
Metabolism (biotransformation) is the chemical alteration of a drug, primarily in the liver, converting it to active, inactive, or toxic metabolites.
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Which of the following classes of over-the-counter medications can increase blood pressure?
Detailed Rationale
Oral decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine) stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors and can raise blood pressure.
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A pharmacy technician should recognize that which of the following medications has the same therapeutic indication as behind-the-counter pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Detailed Rationale
Both pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline are decongestants; oxymetazoline is a nasal spray formulation used for the same purpose.
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A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following describes a function of the State Board of Pharmacy?
Detailed Rationale
State Boards of Pharmacy license and discipline pharmacists and pharmacy technicians within their jurisdiction.
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Which of the following medications should be dispensed in its original manufacturer packaging?
Detailed Rationale
Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets are unstable when exposed to air and must remain in the original glass bottle with the original cotton to maintain potency.
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According to federal regulations, which of the following is true regarding an emergency prescription for a Schedule II medication?
Detailed Rationale
In a declared emergency, a pharmacy may dispense a Schedule II drug based on an oral order, but the prescriber must provide a written, signed prescription within 7 days.
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Which of the following describes the purpose of an antihistamine?
Detailed Rationale
Antihistamines block histamine receptors and are used to relieve allergic symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and itching.
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Which of the following federal agencies is tasked with creating and maintaining a safe working environment when dealing with chemotherapy medications?
Detailed Rationale
OSHA sets and enforces standards for handling hazardous drugs, including chemotherapy agents, under its Hazardous Drugs standard (NIOSH list).
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According to USP <797>, which of the following is the minimum length of time a pharmacy technician should scrub their hands prior to sterile compounding?
Detailed Rationale
USP <797> requires a minimum 30-second surgical hand scrub with an antimicrobial soap before donning sterile gloves for compounding sterile preparations.
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Which of the following medications is used to treat motion sickness?
Detailed Rationale
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties effective for preventing and treating motion sickness.
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According to federal law, a Schedule V Sales Record requires which of the following?
Detailed Rationale
For OTC sales of Schedule V drugs (e.g., certain cough syrups with codeine), the pharmacy must record the purchaser's name, address, drug name, quantity, date, and pharmacist initials.
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Which of the following is the percentage of sodium chloride in a normal saline solution?
Detailed Rationale
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) contains 0.9 grams of sodium chloride per 100 mL, making it isotonic with blood.
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Which of the following is a piece of information indicated by the NDC number?
Detailed Rationale
The NDC number is an 11-digit code identifying the manufacturer (5 digits), drug product (4 digits), and package size (2 digits).
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For which of the following reasons is it necessary to obtain a patient's date of birth?
Detailed Rationale
Date of birth is required to confirm patient identity for insurance billing and to determine eligibility for non-child-resistant containers (patients 18 and older may waive them).
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Which of the following medications is exempt from being dispensed in a child-resistant container?
Detailed Rationale
Oral contraceptives are specifically exempted from the PPPA child-resistant packaging requirement because the risk of child poisoning is low compared to the need for easy access.
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A patient receives cefdinir (Omnicef) 250 mg/5 mL and is to receive 125 mg tid for 10 days. How many mg of cefdinir (Omnicef) will the patient receive daily?
Detailed Rationale
125 mg three times daily (tid) = 125 mg x 3 = 375 mg per day.
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A health system pharmacy is consistently removing large amounts of expired medications from a floor stock system. Which of the following actions should the pharmacy technician take to reduce waste?
Detailed Rationale
Lowering par levels and stocking only what is routinely used reduces overstocking and expiration waste.
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Which of the following is used to reduce errors associated with look-alike medication names?
Detailed Rationale
Tall Man (mixed case) lettering (e.g., hydrOXYzine vs. hydrALAZINE) helps distinguish sound-alike/look-alike drug names.
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A pharmacy technician should identify that which of the following labels are used to provide additional information, warnings, and reminders about a patient's medication?
Detailed Rationale
Auxiliary labels provide supplemental instructions and warnings (e.g., 'Take with food,' 'May cause drowsiness').
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Which of the following USP-NF chapters regulates nonsterile compounding?
Detailed Rationale
USP Chapter <795> provides standards for nonsterile compounding (oral liquids, creams, capsules, etc.).
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Which of the following medications is used to treat hyperlipidemia?
Detailed Rationale
Atorvastatin is a statin used to lower LDL cholesterol and treat hyperlipidemia.
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A drug formulary is designed to save money by mandating the use of which of the following?
Detailed Rationale
A formulary is a list of preferred medications chosen for efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness to control drug spending.
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Which of the following procedure sources should be used when responding to a robbery?
Detailed Rationale
Pharmacy robbery response procedures are outlined in the store's policy and procedure manual, including not resisting and activating silent alarms.
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A pharmacy technician should identify which of the following examples as the correct use of Tall Man lettering?
Detailed Rationale
Correct Tall Man lettering emphasizes distinguishing parts of look-alike names: DOBUTamine vs. DOPamine is an ISMP-recommended example.
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Which federal act states that all oral prescriptions should be dispensed in child-resistant containers unless patients or prescribers request otherwise?
Detailed Rationale
The Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA) requires child-resistant packaging for most prescription drugs unless the patient or prescriber requests non-child-resistant containers.
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A laminar flow hood has been turned off, which of the following is the minimum amount of time the hood should be run before its next use?
Detailed Rationale
USP <797> requires that a laminar flow hood be run for at least 30 minutes before use to clear particulates and establish proper airflow.
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